TYPES OF CAMERA:
Viewfinder Camera
Today there is a wide range of compact cameras with automatic exposure controls and fully automatic focusing. Light enters the viewfinder directly to allow the photographer to frame and compose the picture.
The photograph is taken through the main lens however the view from the lens and the viewfinder is slightly different, this difference is called parallax error.
Range Finder Camera - Similar to a Viewfinder type camera this camera does not use a lens to view the subject but instead relies on a separate viewing system in the camera for aiming and for focus. The range finder camera allows for accurate focus, however, by using two views of the same subject to adjust focus. In this camera there are two images in the viewfinder. One is usually only a portion of the viewer area and is usually slightly yellowish in color. The photographer adjusts the focus ring on the lens and as they do the two images move. When both on directly on top of each other they blend together and almost disappear signifying the camera is in focus. The rangefinder is accurate and usually very quiet and very light weight. It is useful for taking pictures in low light conditions or for candids when quiet is important. These cameras can easily be identified by their double view windows in the front.
Twin-Lens Reflex Cameras
A medium-format camera--one that uses film larger than 35mm--the twin-lens reflex was immensely popular after World War II. It is fitted with two lenses of identical focal length, one mounted atop the other. The lower, or taking, lens focuses its image directly on the film, while the image produced by the upper viewing lens is reflected through 90 degrees by a mirror, and brought to focus on a horizontal ground-glass focusing screen. The light paths to the film plane and the focusing screen are equal, so that if the photographer brings the scene on the focusing screen to sharp focus, the image on the film plane will be equally sharp
Single Lens Reflex Camera:The mirror in a single lens reflex (SLR) camera reflects light upwards through a pentaprism to be viewed. The pentaprism turns the image the right way round for the eye to see. When a picture is taken the mirror flips up to allow light to hit the film at the back of the camera. As the eye seems the image through the main lens it appears identical to that produced on the film.
The cutaway diagram on the left shows the complex construction of a modern single lens reflex camera. In this camera some light passes through the main mirror, bounces off a smaller secondary mirror and enters the camera's metering system. A flexible electronic circuit board is fitted inside the camera body.
View Cameras and Technical Cameras:Cameras in this category are used almost exclusively by professional photographers. The most common film formats are 4 x 5 or 8 x 10 inches, the latter often used in the very large cameras found in portrait studios. Film for these cameras is loaded in the darkroom into two-sided holders, which are inserted at the back of the camera. Both the camera's back and front can be tilted in various positions, to permit the photographer to make certain types of corrections in the image. By raising the lens in relation to the film plane, when photographing a tall building, for example, the tendency for parallel lines to look as if they converge is eliminated
Instant Cameras
An instant camera will produce a finished print in from 20 seconds to about 4 minutes.
Disc Cameras
Since its introduction in the 1880s, flexible film has usually been rolled onto a spool or loaded into a cassette. In 1980 the Eastman Kodak Company introduced a new format for mass-market cameras. Fifteen images, each 5/16 x 3/8 inches, can be photographed on a piece of circular film about 2 1/2 inches in diameter, which is housed in a thin, light-tight film disc. Disc cameras are exceptionally compact, and most are fitted with an electronic flash and a motor that advances the disc after each exposure.
Today there is a wide range of compact cameras with automatic exposure controls and fully automatic focusing. Light enters the viewfinder directly to allow the photographer to frame and compose the picture.
The photograph is taken through the main lens however the view from the lens and the viewfinder is slightly different, this difference is called parallax error.
Range Finder Camera - Similar to a Viewfinder type camera this camera does not use a lens to view the subject but instead relies on a separate viewing system in the camera for aiming and for focus. The range finder camera allows for accurate focus, however, by using two views of the same subject to adjust focus. In this camera there are two images in the viewfinder. One is usually only a portion of the viewer area and is usually slightly yellowish in color. The photographer adjusts the focus ring on the lens and as they do the two images move. When both on directly on top of each other they blend together and almost disappear signifying the camera is in focus. The rangefinder is accurate and usually very quiet and very light weight. It is useful for taking pictures in low light conditions or for candids when quiet is important. These cameras can easily be identified by their double view windows in the front.
Twin-Lens Reflex Cameras
A medium-format camera--one that uses film larger than 35mm--the twin-lens reflex was immensely popular after World War II. It is fitted with two lenses of identical focal length, one mounted atop the other. The lower, or taking, lens focuses its image directly on the film, while the image produced by the upper viewing lens is reflected through 90 degrees by a mirror, and brought to focus on a horizontal ground-glass focusing screen. The light paths to the film plane and the focusing screen are equal, so that if the photographer brings the scene on the focusing screen to sharp focus, the image on the film plane will be equally sharp
Single Lens Reflex Camera:The mirror in a single lens reflex (SLR) camera reflects light upwards through a pentaprism to be viewed. The pentaprism turns the image the right way round for the eye to see. When a picture is taken the mirror flips up to allow light to hit the film at the back of the camera. As the eye seems the image through the main lens it appears identical to that produced on the film.
The cutaway diagram on the left shows the complex construction of a modern single lens reflex camera. In this camera some light passes through the main mirror, bounces off a smaller secondary mirror and enters the camera's metering system. A flexible electronic circuit board is fitted inside the camera body.
View Cameras and Technical Cameras:Cameras in this category are used almost exclusively by professional photographers. The most common film formats are 4 x 5 or 8 x 10 inches, the latter often used in the very large cameras found in portrait studios. Film for these cameras is loaded in the darkroom into two-sided holders, which are inserted at the back of the camera. Both the camera's back and front can be tilted in various positions, to permit the photographer to make certain types of corrections in the image. By raising the lens in relation to the film plane, when photographing a tall building, for example, the tendency for parallel lines to look as if they converge is eliminated
Instant Cameras
An instant camera will produce a finished print in from 20 seconds to about 4 minutes.
Disc Cameras
Since its introduction in the 1880s, flexible film has usually been rolled onto a spool or loaded into a cassette. In 1980 the Eastman Kodak Company introduced a new format for mass-market cameras. Fifteen images, each 5/16 x 3/8 inches, can be photographed on a piece of circular film about 2 1/2 inches in diameter, which is housed in a thin, light-tight film disc. Disc cameras are exceptionally compact, and most are fitted with an electronic flash and a motor that advances the disc after each exposure.